Movie Analysis Toy Essay - 1607 Words

Despite being one of the most popular, if not most popular, animated movies of all-time, Toy Story offers a limited perspective when it comes to gender because of manhood acts, homosociality, and stereotypes. The manhood acts in the film suppress women at the same time as they support the hegemonic masculinity, which is the masculinity that actively attempts to suppress women and inferior masculinities (Bird pg. 129). When the male characters in the movie do this, it approves of this negative behavior that limits the voice of the female characters. Additionally, the lack of female characters causes the film to portray homosociality, which prevents young girls from seeing a variety of representations of women in the toys. Also, the stereotypes in the movie reduce women to second class citizens. Both male and female stereotypes in the movie support the hegemonic masculinity. Ultimately, the depiction of manhood acts, homosociality, and stereotypes in the film, Toy Story, actively suppo rt the hegemonic masculinity at the expense of other gender identities. Moreover, the manhood acts in the film actively maintain the gender inequality present. The purpose of the acts is to be accepted by other as being in the â€Å"dominant gender group† (Schrock and Schwalbe 149). This demonstrates how sex and gender are different things. Sex is whether you are biologically male or female, but gender deals with how you behave such as masculine or feminine. These manhood acts can actually be seenShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Toy Story1668 Words   |  7 PagesToy Story (Lasseter, 1995) was remarkable for its time by employing animation unlike ever before. Despite previous uses of CGI in other films such as Jurassic Park (Spielberg, 1993) and Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Cameron, 1991), Toy Story was the first fully computer animated feature-length film. The film’s phenomenal success and critical praise in reviews answered the question of whether or not a computer a nimated film could garner the attention of an audience and do so in a tasteful manner. AlthoughRead MoreMovie Analysis : Toy Story1707 Words   |  7 PagesToy Story was filmed in 1995 by director John Lasseter. The film introduced CGI which stands for Computer Generated Imagery. CGI deals with computer graphics and 3D graphics to make the special effect of the film. The film uses the theme of two different characters learning how to get along with each other to get through the problems that they face. With that in mind, the film uses music and characters to give the importance of the theme. The film uses music and characters to describe the themeRead MoreA Quick Looks Shows Childrens Toys are Gender Specific Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesGender roles in toys are overwhelmingly obvious. The breakdown has not changed in so many years that we all comply with and follow without question. Taking a trip to the local Toys R Us store showed me just how obvious the line was drawn for the sexes, showing a specific division of the two. The stores layout clearly establishes the line between girl’s toys and boys toys. There are very few isles that will intermingle within the sexes. For this project I selected the following age groups; infantRead MoreEssay on Case Study Gi Joe1501 Words   |  7 PagesSituational Analysis Hasbro Inc. owns the very successful brand, G.I. Joe that is an icon in the toy industry. G.I. Joe has been a dominate factor in the market for toys since its launch in 1964. The brand has been able to stand the test of time and its creators have successfully preserved the brand throughout the years. Hasbro’s challenge is to market the G.I. Joe brand in such a way, so that it can become a mega brand like its competitor Mattel with its mega brand Barbie. The toy market hasRead MoreEssay about Gi Joe595 Words   |  3 PagesG.I. Joe has been a brand in the market for toys since its launch in 1964 with $3 billion in sales over the last 20 years, with 16% of the market share. Despite the brands success the GI Joe is positioned as a physical product, as appose to an all-encompassing brand and the toy market has volatile sales depending upon trends created by consumer demand. Hasbro is now challenged to take the G.I. Joe brand to the next level and market it in such a way that will allow the brand continues to thrive whileRead MoreMarvel Case1083 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study – Marvel Entertainment Industry Analysis Comic Book Industry: The comic book industry contains comic or comicbooks that contain narrative artwork in the form of separate panels that represent individual scenes often accompanied by dialog boxes. The first comic book appeared in the United States in 1933 usually appearing in the earlier newspapers comic prints. The reason for the name â€Å"comic book† came from the use of humor comic strips in newspapers. However most modern comicRead MoreThe Lego Group Analysis1615 Words   |  7 Pages1484 – Managing Strategy Portfolio 1 The LEGO Group Analysis June 26, 2013 Word count: 1,517 Table of contents Title | Page | 1. Application of the PESTEL analysis | 3 | 2. Application of the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis | 4 | 3. Application of the TOWS Matrix | 6 | 4. Conclusions | 7 | 5. Figure | 8 | 6. References | 8 | In this assignment the LEGO Group are examined by using a PESTEL analysis (Turner, S., 2002,), Porter’s Five Forces framework and TOWSRead MoreAccording to Merium Webster, gender is the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically1400 Words   |  6 Pagesquotes by the mother really got me thinking about how socialization occurs the second a child enters the world. How by not saying Storms gender mother was giving freedom to her child by not allowing his or her sex to define his or her gender. My movie was entitled â€Å"gender role redefined.† I wanted to explore how gender roles are defined, and how we can break them down. I wanted to show why this early and strong gender socialization is such a problem. I used the concepts of socialization, performativityRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper New831 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. It is now time to combine those elements into a comprehensive analysis of one movie. You will be completing this assignment in two stages: for the first stage (1500 to 1800 words), you will analyze an entire movie; in the second stage (300 to 600 words), you will reflect on how you analyzed the movie as well as how your ability to analyze film in general has evolved. You are encouraged to incorporate writing from your Week TwoRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. It is now time to combine those elements into a comprehensive analysis of one movie. You will be completing this assignment in two stages: for the first stage (1500 to 1800 words), you will analyze an entire movie; in the second stage (300 to 600 words), you will reflect on how you analyzed the movie as well as how your ability to analyze film in general has evolved. You are encouraged to incorporate writing from your Week Two

Japan Religion Essay - 1821 Words

All around the world, religion is a dominant idea for many cultures; exemplifying a certain way of life, serving as a basis for faith, and bringing charity to the world, religion is a extensive concept. For several cultures and countries religion may vary according to demographics, socio-economical class, and ethnicity. Main concepts of religion in Japan are natural and superstitious based. The leading religion in Japan remains Shinto, while other religions have come and go, interweaving themselves among the Japanese society. For any Japanese person who may practice Shinto, another religion that may dually be practiced is Buddhism. Are these religions common to one another in theory? Do they serve the same purposes? And what other†¦show more content†¦The first Nobel truth; Life means suffering. To live means to suffer, because the human nature is not perfect and neither is the world we live in. During our lifetime, we inevitably have to endure physical suffering such as pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, old age, and eventually death. (The Big View). The second Noble Truth is that the origin of suffering is attachment to worldly desires. The origin of suffering is attachment to transient things and the ignorance thereofÂ… The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, ardour, pursue of wealth, prestige, striving for fame and popularity (The Big View). The third Nobel Truth is the cessation of suffering is attainable. Extinguishing all forms of clinging and attachmentÂ… Suffering can be overcome through human activity simply by removing the cause of suffering (The Big View). The Fourth Noble Truth is to follow the Eightfold Path. A gradual self-improvement by following the way between the two extremes of excessive self-indulgence and excessive self-mortification(The Big View). Although the Four Nobel Truths are great concepts of Buddhism there are many other aspects that make up Buddhism. Daily practice of meditation helps develop ones sense of awareness, to grow, and develops compassion and loving kindness (Buddhanet). Following the laws of Karma and following right speech are also integral to Buddhism. In the religion of Shinto, which was founded as JapansShow MoreRelatedReligion and Economy in Medieval Europe and Japan1305 Words   |  6 PagesReligion and Economy in Medieval Europe and Japan Social Hierarchy after Urbanization Religion did not have as much of an impact on daily life and the overall development of Japan as it did Europe. For instance the maximum of the wars were fought for wealth or power, not religion, but what it did do was influence certain features. The people in Japan stuck to their original Shinto religion when Buddhism was involuntary forced on them, but soon after they discovered Zen Buddhism; a practice that wasRead MoreTraditional Religion of Japan: Shintoism Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesBeliefs Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan. It means â€Å"the way of the kami†. Shintoism is mainly focused on beliefs in, and worships of Kami. Kami are spiritual or divine beings. They are sometimes referred to as the ‘gods’ in Shinto. But rather than the powerful and supernatural beings seen in Western religion, Kami is more like a mystical and sacred spirit that exist in the creative forces of nature. Shintoism follows the belief of animism, which is the belief that natural, material objectsRead MoreThemes Of Japan s Indigenous Religion1153 Words   |  5 PagesTHEMES Japan s indigenous religion is ShintÃ… , and its customs are enmeshed in Japanese culture. It is animistic, seeing gods and spirits in everything. This leads to a deep respect for human harmony with the environment. Many Ghibli films contain jinja, or shrines, and torii, or sacred gates, which are used to pay respect or give offerings in ShintÃ… ism. Ghibli films also contain kami, spirits that reside in all things. Princess Mononoke is filled with a kami (Odell 28). Other Japanese mythologyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film My Neighbor Totoro 2176 Words   |  9 Pageshumanity and nature has not been fully explored and appreciated. The social impact and the religious elements of ‘My Neighbor Totoro made it one of the most important films establishing Hayao Miyazaki’s name and reputation in the film industry, both in Japan and worldwide. What makes this film famous and powerful is not only the magical, mysterious world or the adorable character that Miyazaki creates, but also the film’s persuasive way of delivering an unusual message on the three-layered relationshipRead MoreAnalysis Of My Neighbor Totoro 1862 Words   |  8 Pageshumanity was never really talked about or discussed in the past couple of years. The film ‘My Neighbor Totoro,’ with all the religious elements and the social impact it had established the director Miyazaki as one of the best animators not just in Japan, but around the world. What really gives this film power and fame is not just the mysterious and magical world it has or the cute character that Miyazaki created, but also the film’s way of influencing the audience by conveying an unfamiliar messageRead MoreJapanese History and Culture Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesJapan has always been an ever changing country. From the time when the emperor ruled and governed the country to the time when the emperor lost decision making power and became a symbol of national unity. Japans history is written throughout the world because of wars and trade especially with the United States. Japan is very isolated and lacking in essential resources, because of its relatively bad geography it is one of the biggest importers the world has ever known. Japan has very strong and uniqueRead MoreDifferences Between South Korea And Japan1535 Words   |  7 PagesIn Asia, South Korea and Japan always share same political culture, economic interests, international security environment and it seems that they should be each other’s closest allies. However, in reality, relations between the two countries are always troubled and contentious. In this paper, I would show some common factors between South Korea and Japan, and then explain what is holding Korea back from fostering closer relations with japan and why after seven decades the Korean establishment isRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Japan1631 Words   |  7 PagesOverview of Country Japan, the Land of the Rising Sun, is an island in East Asia in the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Tokyo and the national language is Japanese. Japan is considered a great power and is a member of both the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The country enjoys a highly skilled work force and is considered to have one of the most highly educated countries in the world. At one point, the 2000s, Japan also laid claim to providing 4 of 5Read MoreIndia And Jap Rule Of Law1641 Words   |  7 PagesIII. Rule of Law in India and Japan The Rule of Law has not been compromised by the culture or socioeconomic conditions in India or Japan. India and Japan sought to achieve Rule of Law to embody the values, institutions and principles in a modern liberal democratic country in order to modernize and adapt. Rule of law has two main functions, to protect its citizens and stop unequitable use of state power by remaining transparent, and, to protect its citizens with enforcement structures. In IndiaRead MoreJap A Very Long, Intense, And Confusing History1649 Words   |  7 PagesJapan has a very long, intense, and confusing history. Every time a new emperor took to power, the capital would move to a different city. For example, in the year 710, Nara was the first permanent capital, but in 784 the capital moved to Nagaoka (jnto.jp). When Tokugawa was appointed shogun, the government was established in Edo, which is modern day Tokyo. As to keep the long, convoluted history at bay, I’m not going to cover all of it but rather start at the beginning of the 20th century. In the

Contract and Corporation Law for AGA Assistance -MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContract and Corporation Lawfor AGA Assistance Australia. Answer: Introduction Every business organization has information that the organization considers both priceless and fundamental to its success. After the termination of the employment of the employees, the employers usually restrict the use of such information by such ex-employees. The employers often incorporate these restrictions within the employment contracts and by signing such restrictive covenants; they agree not to do certain things after the expiry of the employment. The employers impose these restrictions to safeguard themselves by preventing the former employees from using the information and knowledge that they gained during their employment so that they are unable to benefit from their new jobs[1]. Restrictive Covenant A restrictive covenant is a contractual clause that prohibits an employee from competing with his ex-employer for a certain period after the expiry of the employment or restricts the ex-employee from dealing or soliciting with customers of the business organization with the help of the knowledge that the ex-employees have gained during the course of the employment[2]. The employers may use the following standard types of restrictions in the employment contract: Non-competition covenants- the former employees are prohibited from directly competing with their ex-employers within a specific geographical and/or for a particular time-period. It is incorporated in the employment contract as non-compete clause[3]. Non-dealing clause- this clause prevents an ex-employee from working for the clients, suppliers and customers of the former the organization for a stipulated time period. Non-poaching clause- this clause restricts an ex-employee from enticing the staffs of the ex-organization away from that organization for a stipulated time-period. The Australian employers use the restraint trade clauses in the employment contracts particularly for senior/managerial and professional employees[4]. In order to enforce the restrictive covenant the onus of proof is on the employer to establish that the clause is sufficiently narrow and justified. In order to justify the restrictive clause, the employer must consider the following factors: The breadth of the geographical area must be justifiable; The duration of the restriction more than 6-12 months would be difficult to justify; The activities that the employer attempts to restrict; The type of interest the employer is attempting to restrict; The restrictive covenants shall be enforceable only if the employer succeeds in establishing the fact that the restrictions are: reasonable; no longer than is necessary to safeguard the interest; and necessary to safeguard the legal business interests; A restrictive clause cannot be accepted unless the court considers such clause reasonable. In Buckley v Tutty [1971], the High Court of Australia held that unreasonable restrictive clauses is unenforceable as it is against the welfare of the public that a person should be unnecessarily restricted from earning a living in any legal way as he chooses as long as the way is legal. It is unreasonable to deprive the public from the services of such person. In order to assess whether the restrictive clause in an employment contract is reasonable or not, the court shall consider the duration of the restrictive clauses, the geographical area in which the clause shall apply and the activities of the employee the clause tends to control[5]. The extent of restrictive covenants is related to the position of the employee within the business of the organization. The employers usually include such restrictive clause in the employment contract of the employees who occupied higher or senior position i n the organization. The rationale behind the notion is that a senior employee is in contact with information that is more sensitive by nature and the restrictive clause is justified[6]. Safeguarding Genuine Interests The employers cannot use the restrictive clause to safeguard themselves against the normal processes of competition in a market. Legitimate interests that usually support a valid restraint include trade secrets or confidential information about the employer or the organization, information about the customers or clients and the staffs of the employer. In AGA Assistance Australia Pty Ltd v Tokody [2012], the court held that the restrictive clause with respect to the duration of the restriction was reasonable, as 12 months duration was a reasonable time-period to safeguard the legitimate interests of the employer. Moreover, it is necessary to incorporate restrictive clauses in the employment contract with respect to the confidential information related to the organization, staffs or the clients and customers of the organization. There is an inherent protection that the former employees shall disclose or take unfair advantage of the confidential information unless such clause is expressly mentioned in the contract[7]. If an employer wants to prohibit any former employee from competing with the former organization or dealing with the customers of the organization, the employer must specify such restrictions in the employment contract in clear words and must include justified reasons for including such clause[8]. Application of Laws and Conclusion In the given scenario, Chu has been employed in the position of Operations Manager of Computers Pty Ltd, a company that retails computer hardware and software. Due to senior position of Chu, he was well aware of the identity and the requirements of the clients of the company. At the time of retiring from the organization, he agreed to the non-compete clause expressly specified in the employment contract of the company that prohibited him from competing against the company in New South Wales for a stipulated period of 2 years. He retired in March 2014 and in April 2014 Systems Pty Ltd came into incorporation that was engaged in the retail business of selling computer hardware and software. Chus wife holds the issued capital in the company and is the only director of the company. The company solicits business from the clients of the Computers Pty ltd in New South Wales. As explained earlier, that a restrictive covenant is a contractual clause that prohibits an employee from competing with his ex-employer for a certain period after the expiry of the employment. It restricts the ex-employee from dealing or soliciting with customers of the business organization with the help of the knowledge that the ex-employees have gained during the course of the employment[9]. Now, at the time of retiring from the employment, Chu signed the employment contract that included a restrictive clause according to which he is prevented from competing against the former business for a period of 2 years. However, Chus wife being the director of the Systems Pty Ltd was soliciting the customers of the Computers Pty Ltd. The restrictive clause in the employment contract prohibited Chu from competing against the business for two years. The employment contract did not contain any restrictive clause regarding dealing or soliciting with the customers of the Computers Pty Ltd. There is an inherent protection that the former employees shall take unfair advantage of the confidential information unless such clause is expressly mentioned in the contract. If an employer wants to prohibit any former employee from competing with the former organization or dealing with the customers of the organization, the employer must specify such restrictions in the employment contract in clear words and must include justified reasons for including such clause[10]. Further, in order to enforce any restrictive clause the employer must establish that such clause is reasonable; it safeguards the legitimate interests of the business and that the duration of such clause is not more than what is necessary to protect the interests of the business. Furthermore, the duration of the restrictive clauses must not be longer to the extent that it would prohibit the employees from exhibiting their skill and talent to earn their living and deprive the public of their services. In the given case, Computers Pty ltd has included in the restrictive clause that Chu shall be prohibited from competing against the company in New South Wales for the stipulated period of 2 years. In AGA Assistance Australia Pty Ltd the court held that a duration of 12 months is reasonable in order to safeguard the legitimate business interest. In case the duration of the restrictive clause is more than 12 months or longer, the burden of proof is on the employer to establish that such duration is reasonable and justified as it protects the legitimate business interest of the organization. In order to justify the restrictive clause, the employer must further establish that the activities that the employer attempts to restrict are justified and the type of interest the employer is attempting to restrict is also justifiable and is not unreasonable. In this case, since the Computers Pty Ltd did not include a restrictive clause pertaining to the dealing and soliciting with the customers of the organization, it cannot bring any legal action against Systems Pty Ltd. The restrictive clause simply prohibited Chu from competing with the business and not from dealing with the customers of Computers Pty. Therefore, Computers Pty Ltd cannot bring any legal action against Systems Pty Ltd for soliciting with its customers but may become entitled to claim damages or injunctions only if it is establishes that the duration of the restrictive clause is justified and reasonable. Bibliography AGA Assistance Australia Pty Ltd v Tokody [2012] Ash, Abraham, and Elodie Cheesman. "Employment: Post-employment restraint after repudiation of an employment contract."LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal21 (2016): 76. Buckley v Tutty [1971] 125 CLR 353 Buenstorf, Guido, et al. "Non-compete clauses, employee effort and spin-off entrepreneurship: A laboratory experiment."Research Policy45.10 (2016): 2113-2124. Chia, Hui Xian, and Ian Ramsay. "Employment Restraints of Trade: An Empirical Study of Australian Court Judgments." (2016). Davis, Angie, Eric D. Reicin, and Marisa Warren. "Developing Trends in Non-Compete Agreements and Other Restrictive Covenants."ABA Journal of Labor Employment Law30.2 (2015): 255. Murphy, Tonia Hap. "Covenants Not to Compete in Employment Contracts: Worth a Closer Look in the Classroom."Journal of Legal Studies Education32.1 (2015): 131-171. Rauch, James E. "Dynastic entrepreneurship, entry, and non-compete enforcement."European Economic Review86 (2016): 188-201. Sandeen, Sharon K., and Elizabeth A. Rowe. "Debating Employee Non-Competes and Trade Secrets." (2017). Selmi, Michael. "Trending and the Restatement of Employment Law's Provisions on Employee Mobility."Cornell L. Rev.100 (2014): 1369. Srinivasan, Varun. "Restraint of Trade: Emerging Trends." (2015). Thomas, Randall S., Norman Bishara, and Kenneth J. Martin. "An empirical analysis of non-competition clauses and other restrictive post-employment covenants." (2014).

My Philosophy of Academic Advising free essay sample

With the relative challenges facing students today, as far as choosing the appropriate career path, issues in parental involvement and maintaining motivation are concerned, my philosophy of academic advising shall revolved on these three issues and shall be the integral part and facet for changes. The overall philosophy of my Academic advising revolves around the intention and willingness to foster among students the needed information that each one needs to further their educational goals and endeavors. By properly synchronizing several important educational functions, it can foster and create enhanced communication between school administration and students who seek to find an appropriate career based on their unique and individual differences. Seeing this, academic institutions, teachers and students must actively collaborate to enhance the practice of academic advising. My philosophy also recognizes the role and function of parents in the overall facilitation of needed mechanisms. By creating active communication plan for parents, students and educators, each party is assured that their relative needs are addressed appropriately. We will write a custom essay sample on My Philosophy of Academic Advising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page   Recognizing the complexity and diversity of goals and objectives by students, my academic advising shall focus on specialized teams that can cater to every student endeavor. With the creation of such specialized groups, every student is assured that their individual welfare is taken care of.   By providing guidance and involvement by both parents and teachers, the student is assured that he/she is getting the optimum potential help. Lastly, my academic advising shall revolve on students’ exploration and development of their needs. This means providing the appropriate motivational techniques and practices that will help improve the overall drive of students to learn and improve on areas that needs to be addressed. Application In applying my philosophy of academic advising, I will try to incorporate the relevant use of technology over the issue of career development among student. By actively creating several templates that showcase various occupations and career paths a student may take, he/she may be given the option to choose his/her preference. By doing this, less effort is concentrated and given by the facilitator in providing the relevant need of the student when it comes to determining his/her career path. As far as parental involvement is concerned, applying my philosophy of academic advising can be done through the creation of formalized groups that will enable parents to actually participate in the educational process happening. Seeing the relevance and importance of this attempt, parental feedback shall be deemed as a vital in the overall process of institutional development and improvement. Lastly, as far as motivation is concerned, providing motivational schemes for students can be done via the creation of different seminars that students can freely attend. The information that shall be used in the presentation should focus on developing positive view on how student should view stress and challenges brought about by school. In addition to these, educators must actively use different teaching styles that can enforce and enhance motivation.

Personal Reflection on Parenting

There are a number of ways through which one can raise a child. This is an obvious statement as every parent feels as though they possess the ultimate way in which to do so as well as what popular culture dictates to them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Reflection on Parenting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though there are various arrays of ways of raising one’s child I feel that when I am ready to parent I will incorporate some of the ways my own parents raised me as well as adapting with the times. This said the type of role that I will take on in parenting my child will be a balance of a demanding one as well as a supportive structure both physically and mentally for my child. It is important for the parents to ensure that they are open-minded to their children. For instance, parents may initiate discussions about the personal lives of their children. In such kind of a relationship, childre n will be free to talk about their problems openly to their parents. This will avoid stress and other mental disturbances among the children. When children are open to their parents, then the parents can easily identify when their children are about to go astray. They will therefore have a chance to correct and teach their children on the best ways of conduct. I personally grew up in close attachment to my parents. We freely hugged and discussed many intimate issues. As a result, I was able to receive guidance on various issues, the fact that enabled me grow morally upright. Although it is necessary for the parents to participate in guiding children to make certain things, it is also necessary for them to respect the decisions and interests of their children. For instance, in case a child is interested in playing musical instruments, the parents must not dictate on otherwise. May be, this could be the area they can perform best. Therefore, it is important for the parents to ensure t hat they don’t dictate everything to their children. I remember my parents used to support me in my decisions whenever they felt it was not harmful to me. This made me feel good and encouraged me in whatever I did. I felt that I had the ability to make reasonable decisions. In other words, it increased my independence in decision making.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important for those responsible with parenting role to consider that the world is changing very fast and therefore a need to have change on parenting approaches. Since the children are exposed to many things at an early age for instance through the media, I think it is important for parent to begin counseling their children at an early age. Therefore, there is need for children to spend more time with their parents. In conclusion, I feel that when I am ready to parent, I will incorporate some of the ways m y own parents raised me as well as adapting with the times. Firstly, i will ensure that I spare enough time to be with my children. This will give me an opportunity to interact with them. I will also ensure that I am supportive to their decisions. This will help them learn to be independent and therefore creative. I will also ensure that there is close attachment between us. By so doing, I will be able to develop my children morally. Since physical health is also important, I will ensure that my children get adequate time to play. This will help my children to grow morally and physically upright. This essay on Personal Reflection on Parenting was written and submitted by user Tamia Silva to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Odyssey essays

Odyssey essays The epic The Odyssey has a collaboration of claims in reference with family and relationships. Not only is the story about an immortal man pampered by the wishes and desires of the Greek gods to travel home after twenty years away from home as a punishment, but as a breakdown of a man and wifes relationship over a struggle of time apart. The marriage bond between Odysseus and Penelope in this book is somewhat distorted. There are situations that may be looked upon by others in our time period as being immoral and sinful. It is these situations that breakdown an argument between what is justified right and wrong in a marriage. Odysseus has been away from his kingdom in Ithaca for the past 20 years. Not only has he been away from his kingdom and people, but his wife Penelope and his only son, the prince, Telemachus. Over these profuse years apart from one each other Penelope has stayed desolate, not marrying another to take place of the man she has wept for in thought of his return almost every night. By todays standards it is sometimes quite uncommon to hear of a widow or widower staying single and carrying on a relationship with anybody else than the one that they lost. At times money, property and materialistic objects can blind a relationship into wrong thoughts and perceptions that are spite and ill willed. While in The Odyssey it seems to be a case of a man sacrificing everything and doing whatever it takes to get home to his wife and child. There is no obstacle he cannot over come, no wall that is too high, and no ocean large enough that he can and would not conquer to see these two represent ations of his life. With these we learn that Odysseus falls into traps of deception, as well as lust and has to give up being true to Penelope in order to stay alive and continue his journey. Many do not agree with the idea of Odysseus, the man, engaging in extra marital affairs. I mean hes only doing it to con...

The Nature of the Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Nature of the Industry - Essay Example This paper purports to determine the nature of the engineering and construction industry in UK. The engineering and construction is considered as one of the most complex and hazardous form of industries. This involves various workforces from skilled to unskilled since it entails different and numerous ranges of activities starting from the design to construction stage as well as during the productive use of the built environment. Basically, engineering and construction involves complex and critical operation process. Hence, it includes various construction personnel who works together in order to complete a built structure based on client’s specifications, costs, time and building standard quality. Usually, the team is consists of the following personnel: Architect, Mechanical and Electricity Engineer, Site-Based Cost Control Surveyor, Site Engineer and Site-Based Environmental manager. As cited in APUC, these personnel have their own specific tasks and responsibilities to per form in every stage of the built environment projects and they are the ones accountable and liable to these tasks in case errors or defects emerged. In engineering and construction, the architect plays a very crucial and important role because he/she will lead the design and planning team of the built environment project. The architect is the one accountable in the conceptualization of the design up to the provision of detailed floor plans and sets of building construction drawing designs which is necessary to start the actual construction of the project. The purpose of the design stage of building construction is to integrate the requirements specified by the client according to the project budget and timescale as well as to assess the possible occurrence of design risks. In addition, it is also the responsibility of the architect to look the overall coordination of the built environment design including space planning, appearance, and materials/equipment used in construction and t he furniture to be placed in the built structure upon its completion. The architect will work hand-in-hand with the site engineer during the construction phase to ensure that all the requirements specified in the design are properly installed and able to meet the client’s design preferences (APUC, 2007). Mechanical and Electricity Engineer The mechanical and electricity engineer is the one responsible in ensuring that the electrical and mechanical facilities and equipment to be installed in the built environment are environmentally sustainable which features energy efficiency use. The purpose is to minimize the consumption of energy to lessen/reduce carbon emission. In addition, the M & E Engineer is also the one responsible in the estimation of cost related to his/her specific task, which in turn forwarded to the Cost Control Surveyor for cost planning. The M & E Engineer will closely work with the Architect and Site Engineer in order to ensure that the

English for Specific Purposes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

English for Specific Purposes - Essay Example The first studies on special languages were in fact those on register, which developed in a Firthian environment. Following strictly in Halliday's footsteps (Halliday, 1978), British linguists identified special registers on the basis of lexical aspects, which they considered sufficient in themselves to distinguish them from common language. For example, the presence of a lexical item such as tablespoonful was enough to presume that the register was that of recipes or prescriptions (Halliday, McIntosh & Strevens, 1964; Strevens, 1977). However, as recent approaches to special languages have pointed out, differences do not apply to the lexical level only, but also concern morph syntactic choices and textual and pragmatic organization (Swales, 1990; Gotti, 1991; Bhatia, 1993). The social context (and therefore the aim) of each of the subdivisions of ESP exerts a strong influence on the linguistic strategies which are to be adopted. Therefore situational and functional requirements dire ct linguistic choices such as lexical density, the complexity and the length of clause structure, the degree of formality and the management of information, to name but a few. The most important d... cate a set of professional skills and to perform English and are learning the language in order to communicate a set of professional skills and to perform particular job-related functions. An ESP program is therefore built on an assessment of purposes and needs and the functions for which English is required. ESP concentrates more on language in context than on teaching grammar and language structures. It covers subjects varying from accounting or computer science to tourism and business management. The ESP focal point is that English is not taught as a subject separated from the students' real world (or wishes); instead, it is integrated into a subject matter area important to the learners. However, ESL and ESP diverge not only in the nature of the learner, but also in the aim of instruction. In fact, as a general rule, while in ESL all four language skills; listening, reading, speaking, and writing, are stressed equally, in ESP it is a needs analysis that determines which language skills are most needed by the students, and the syllabus is designed accordingly. An ESP program, might, for example, emphasize the development of reading skills in students who are preparing for graduate work in business administration; or it might promote the development of spoken skills in students who are studying English in order to become tourist guides. As a matter of fact, ESP combines subject matter and English language teaching. Such a combination is highly motivating because students are able to apply what they learn in their English classes to their main field of study, whether it be accounting, business management, economics, computer science or tourism. Being able to use the vocabulary and structures that they learn in a meaningful context reinforces what is taught and

Malaysian Airlines corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Malaysian Airlines corporate strategy - Essay Example The paper tells that facing a tough economic environment, strong rivals and governmental interventions, Malaysian Airlines is facing a situation where it is fighting to remain operational. Low cost operators are developing different capabilities in their operations that are leading to a competitive advantage for them. Industry wide standards are evolving so rapidly that it is becoming difficult for airlines who have massive operational scale to adapt there processes to theses changes in a small period of time. In these times company has to thoroughly scrutinize its business processes to tighten up cost and in effect maintain those margins that allow it to remain competitive in the industry. However, there is a limit to this measure and therefore company has to explore other options. Malaysian Airline has been facing serious threats from the low cost competitors. The competitors are trying to capture the market share of Malaysian by using different low cost strategies. Low cost strate gies allow the organization to create a cost leadership and impose serious competitive challenges for other organizations. In this particular case study, the competitors of Malaysian airline are offering heavily discounted seats in core markets, this in turn allows them to influence demand and set new standards in the market. Apart from this, another competitive action taken by the low cost competitors is of E-ticketing, since it’s a onetime cost which allows the airline to avoid cuts or commissions of different parties, who were involved with booking tickets for example agencies, queues and staff. Another factor which has allowed the competitors to offer services at relatively low cost is the low cost airports. This has tremendously reduced their cost and is one of the reasons for them to offer such low fares. The competitors are able to attain and maintain zero accommodation cost for airline staff. This has become possible because the operations of these competitors are des igned in such a manner that they do not require their cockpit staff to spend a night at a hotel after the flight. The staff comes back home immediately on the next flight. Code sharing has also allowed them to keep their expenses low. Lastly, these competitors have implemented performance linked compensation i.e. these companies have tied their compensation with the performance of the airline employees, giving them an incentive to keep performing exceptionally. Impact of the Actions of Competitors on Malaysian Airline: The strategies and actions implemented by the low cost competitors have some serious impact on the Malaysian airline. The airline has been forced to offer better service standards. Obviously, this measure would require the airline to incur more cost. Low cost airline has set a new benchmark for operations; these latest operations require airlines to cut every ounce of unnecessary cost, thereby squeezing capital expenditure. Low cost competitors due to their smooth ope rations have set fares prices so low that it has caused big airlines with massive operation to explore ways to lower their fares. Due to their massive scale, such airliners are facing difficulty to offer competitive rates. Since low cost operators charge such a low cost on domestic flights, it has put pressure on airlines like Malaysian airline to increase the passenger load on domestic flight in order to keep domestic services operational. Low cost flight carriers are now moving towards countries and regions liken ASEAN, China and India, thereby attacking the most probable markets for big airlines like Malaysian Airlines. Probable Actions for Malaysian Airline: Malaysian Airline has to take several measures and steps in order to overcome the increasing competitive pressure by the low cost competitors. The company can take measures in order to facilitate the process of downscaling unproductive operations for example certain domestic or regional flights. Apart from this the company c an also follow the Airline BTP2 manual

Artificial Intelligence Essay

Artificial Intelligence Essay This paper is the introduction to Artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence is exhibited by artificial entity, a system is generally assumed to be a computer. AI systems are now in routine use in economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as well as being built into many common home computer software applications, traditional strategy games like computer chess and other video games. We tried to explain the brief ideas of AI and its application to various fields. It cleared the concept of computational and conventional categories. It includes various advanced systems such as Neural Network, Fuzzy Systems and Evolutionary computation. AI is used in typical problems such as Pattern recognition, Natural language processing and more. This system is working throughout the world as an artificial brain. Intelligence involves mechanisms, and AI research has discovered how to make computers carry out some of them and not others. If doing a task requires only mechanisms that are well understood today, computer programs can give very impressive performances on these tasks. Such programs should be considered somewhat intelligent. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence. We can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods. On the other hand, most work in AI involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. AI researchers are free to use methods that are not observed in people or that involve much more computing than people can do. We discussed conditions for considering a machine to be intelligent. We argued that if the machine could successfully pretend to be human to a knowledgeable observer then you certainly should consider it intelligent. INTRODUCTION :- Artificial intelligence (AI) :- Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity. Such a system is generally assumed to be a computer. Although AI has a strong science fiction connotation, it forms a vital branch of computer science, dealing with intelligent behaviour, learning and adaptation in machines. Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior. Examples include control, planning and scheduling, the ability to answer diagnostic and consumer questions, handwriting, speech, and facial recognition. As such, it has become a scientific discipline, focused on providing solutions to real life problems. AI systems are now in routine use in economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as well as being built into many common home computer software applications, traditional strategy games like computer chess and other video games. History :- The intellectual roots of AI, and the concept of intelligent machines, may be found in Greek mythology. Intelligent artifacts appear in literature since then, with real mechanical devices actually demonstrating behaviour with some degree of intelligence. After modern computers became available following World War-II, it has become possible to create programs that perform difficult intellectual tasks. 1950 1960:- The first working AI programs were written in 1951 to run on the Ferranti Mark I machine of the University of Manchester (UK): a draughts-playing program written by Christopher Strachey and a chess-playing program written by Dietrich Prinz. 1960 1970 :- During the 1960s and 1970s Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert publish Perceptrons, demonstrating limits of simple neural nets and Alain Colmerauer developed the Prolog computer language. Ted Shortliffe demonstrated the power of rule-based systems for knowledge representation and inference in medical diagnosis and therapy in what is sometimes called the first expert system. Hans Moravec developed the first computer-controlled vehicle to autonomously negotiate cluttered obstacle courses. 1980s ONWARDS :- In the 1980s, neural networks became widely used with the back propagation algorithm, first described by Paul John Werbos in 1974. The 1990s marked major achievements in many areas of AI and demonstrations of various applications. Most notably Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer, beat Garry Kasparov in a famous six-game match in 1997. Categories of AI :- AI divides roughly into two schools of thought: Conventional AI. Computational Intelligence (CI). Conventional AI :- Conventional AI mostly involves methods now classified as machine learning, characterized by formalism and statistical analysis. This is also known as symbolic AI, logical AI, neat AI and Good Old Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI). Methods include: Expert systems: apply reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. An expert system can process large amounts of known information and provide conclusions based on them. Case based reasoning Bayesian networks Behavior based AI: a modular method of building AI systems by hand. Computational Intelligence (CI) :- Computational Intelligence involves iterative development or learning (e.g. parameter tuning e.g. in connectionist systems). Learning is based on empirical data and is associated with non-symbolic AI, scruffy AI and soft computing. Methods include: Neural networks: systems with very strong pattern recognition capabilities. Fuzzy systems: techniques for reasoning under uncertainty, has been widely used in modern industrial and consumer product control systems. Evolutionary computation: applies biologically inspired concepts such as populations, mutation and survival of the fittest to generate increasingly better solutions to the problem. These methods most notably divide into evolutionary algorithms (e.g. genetic algorithms) and swarm intelligence (e.g. ant algorithms). Typical problems to which AI methods are applied :- Pattern recognition Optical character recognition Handwriting recognition Speech recognition Face recognition Natural language processing, Translation and Chatter bots Non-linear control and Robotics Computer vision, Virtual reality and Image processing Game theory and Strategic planning Other fields in which AI methods are implemented :- Automation. Cybernetics. Hybrid intelligent system. Intelligent agent. Intelligent control. Automated reasoning. Data mining. Behavior-based robotics. Cognitive robotics. Developmental robotics. Evolutionary robotics. Chatbot. Knowledge Representation. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) :- Founded in 1979, the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is a nonprofit scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behaviour and their embodiment in machines. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artificial intelligence, improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI developments and future directions. APPLICATIONS OF AI :- Game Playing :- You can buy machines that can play master level chess for a few hundred dollars. There is some AI in them, but they play well against people mainly through brute force computationlooking at hundreds of thousands of positions. Speech Recognition :- In the 1990s, computer speech recognition reached a practical level for limited purposes. Thus United Airlines has replaced its keyboard tree for flight information by a system using speech recognition of flight numbers and city names. It is quite convenient. On the other hand, while it is possible to instruct some computers using speech, most users have gone back to the keyboard and the mouse as still more convenient. Understanding Natural Language :- Just getting a sequence of words into a computer is not enough. Parsing sentences is not enough either. The computer has to be provided with an understanding of the domain the text is about, and this is presently possible only for very limited domains. Computer Vision :- The world is composed of three-dimensional objects, but the inputs to the human eye and computers TV cameras are two dimensional. Some useful programs can work solely in two dimensions, but full computer vision requires partial three-dimensional information that is not just a set of two-dimensional views. At present there are only limited ways of representing three-dimensional information directly, and they are not as good as what humans evidently use. Expert Systems :- A knowledge engineer interviews experts in a certain domain and tries to embody their knowledge in a computer program for carrying out some task. How well this works depends on whether the intellectual mechanisms required for the task are within the present state of AI. One of the first expert systems was MYCIN in 1974, which diagnosed bacterial infections of the blood and suggested treatments. It did better than medical students or practicing doctors, provided its limitations were observed. Heuristic Classification :- One of the most feasible kinds of expert system given the present knowledge of AI is to put some information in one of a fixed set of categories using several sources of information. An example is advising whether to accept a proposed credit card purchase. Information is available about the owner of the credit card, his record of payment and also about the item he is buying and about the establishment from which he is buying it (e.g., about whether there have been previous credit card frauds at this establishment). Conclusion :- We conclude that if the machine could successfully pretend to be human to a knowledgeable observer then you certainly should consider it intelligent. AI systems are now in routine use in various field such as economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as well as being built into many common home computer software applications, traditional strategy games etc. AI is an exciting and rewarding discipline. AI is branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behavior. The revised definition of AI is AI is the study of mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior through the construction and evaluation of artifacts that attempt to enact those mechanisms. So it is concluded that it work as an artificial human brain which have an unbelievable artificial thinking power. Programs with Common Sense :- John McCarthy, In Mechanization of Thought Processes, Proceedings of the Symposium of the National Physics Laboratory, 1959. Artificial Intelligence, Logic and Formalizing Common Sense :- Richmond Thomason, editor, Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence. Klà ¼ver Academic, 1989. Concepts of Logical AI :- Tom Mitchell. Machine Learning. McGraw-Hill, 1997. Logic and artificial intelligence :- Richmond Thomason. In Edward  N. Zalta, editor, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2003. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2003/entries/logic-ai/. LINKS :- http://www.aaai.org/ http://www-formal.stanford.edu/ http://insight.zdnet.co.uk/hardware/emergingtech/ http://www.genetic-programming.com/

Heart of Darkness Critical Paper Essay

Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, is a work of complexity. â€Å"His stories often represent and suggest more than they say† (Skinner). Conrad gives the novel a perplex side through his tactfully written words. This unique language that Conrad uses gives a sense of duality to many phrases in the novel. The double meanings of much of the language that Conrad uses contribute to a reoccurring aspect of the novel, which is that often times there is far more substance to something than appears on the surface. This theme is played out in the novel through the setting and through the two main characters, Marlow and Mr. Kurtz. The novel takes place right in the heart of Africa, down the long and windy Congo River. The river in the setting is a crucial component of the novel because it brings a sense of darkness. â€Å"Conrad manages to hint at the darkness beyond the senses and to represent the experience of struggling with the impossibility of existential revelation in various ways, in terms of both content and form,† because not only does he describe the river’s topography, but also describes the river as having a mind of its own (Skinner). When describing the river, Conrad writes, â€Å"the long stretches of the waterway ran on, deserted, into the gloom of overshadowed distances†(Conrad). This description of the river creates an image of a vast and gloomy river. However, Conrad’s use of personification gives the river a personality, as if it is vulnerable to the dark surroundings that it’s engorged within. In the novel, Marlow’s spoken words also possess a sense of duality. On the outside, Marlow seems like a composed gentleman, who takes little regard for emotions. He speaks in a matter of fact manner, describing everything that he sees in its purest form. When conveying his thoughts about Kurtz he says ,â€Å"He was just a word for me. I did not see the man in the name any more than you do†(Conrad). Marlow’s description of Kurtz at first seems merely a factual statement, but it means more than that because â€Å"there is what is not said because it is merely left unstated (Skinner). The understated nature of his words suggests that Marlow is struggling to compress everything that he feels about Kurtz into a sentence. Furthermore, when Marlow says, â€Å"I will be loyal to the nightmare of my choice†, the reader obtains two meanings from his words (Conrad). On the exterior, Marlow simply means that he will not betray Mr. Kurtz, but on the interior, he is trying to express that he will not let go of the desire that he had to meet Mr. Kurtz, even though the experience strayed far away from his original expectations. Conrad also uses Mr. Kurtz to showcase his way of writing phrases that contain different depths of meaning. Mr. Kurtz is an individual who unknowingly lost sight of his own self because of the heart of darkness in which he is enwrapped. He is unable to blatantly express how his greed and feelings of superiority over the natives have tarnished his character. Therefore, Conrad gives depth to the words that Kurtz speaks, to allow the reader a glimpse into Kurtz’s heart, without needing to have Kurtz deliver his personal sentiments. Towards the end of the novel when Kurtz cries, â€Å"save me!† he literally is pleading for the salvation of his ivory, but figuratively, it’s a plea for someone to save his soul. â€Å"The Horror! The Horror!† are Mr. Kurtz’s notorious last spoken words. On the surface, these words may appear to be describing the face of death, but it seems plausible that Kurtz’s is instead horrified with himself for the way he has so cruelly treated the natives, and that abominable images of the native’s oppression are flashing before his eyes. The duality in meaning of Conrad’s words not only contributes to the complexity of the novel, but also helps to develop the setting and the characters. Conrad’s â€Å"unsaid dialogue and narrative hint at layers of meaning beyond what is read, and Conrad’s explicit and implicit insistence on mysteries beyond words emphasize the unsayable†(Skinner). These techniques that Conrad uses allows the novel to transcend past a simple narrative.(Singer)

Air Canada essay

Assignment: International trade of Canadian companies: Company information Name: Air Canada Products/Services offered: As Canada’s largest airline and the world’s tenth-largest passenger airline by number of destinations, it offers direct passenger service to more than 175 destinations on five different continents. Air Canada is an airline offering air transport to diverse customers. Customers can pay premiums for first-class seats while others may chose to travel as economy class. The company’s primary function again is to offer air travel while other revenues stream from commodity sales abord air crafts. Brief History:Air Canada originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines, which inaugurated its first flight on September 1, 1937. By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline; it changed its name to Air Canada. The significance of this is that the government’s commissioning of the original company p latformed it’s future success. The airline was fully privatized in 1989 (made independent from the government). After an unofficial monopolization of the company’s extent, In 2001 Air Canada began meeting new rivals. One example of a newer company that sprouted after this period was Canadian Airlines.All in all because of the outreach of the company’s operations on national and international levels, it became so strong that In 2006, 34 million people flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated its 70th anniversary. Size: Operating revenues (Canadian dollars in millions): $ 12,120 Revenue per passenger miles (millions) (RPM): $ 55,646 Headquarters: La Rondelle (â€Å"The Puck† in French); a 7 story building that serves as the corporate headquarters of Air Canada, located on the grounds of Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and in Saint-Laurent,Montreal, near Dorval.The largest hub: Toronto Pearson International Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance. Toronto Pearson directly employs 106,000 people, with an additional 80,000 people employed indirectly in the community, One of the largest private employers of the country.Subsidiaries of the company: Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Vacations, Air Canada Express, Air Canada Jetz, and Air Canada Rouge. Fleet: The Air Canada fleet consists of 204 aircraft (as of December 2012). All aircraft are fitted with the new interiors, except three Boeing 767-300ERs. The new interior is a revamp of the cabin and has new installation of individual video displays in both Executive First and Economy classes. The majority of the widebody aircraft (B767, B777, A330) operates between Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary. Aircraft |Total | |Airbus A319-100 |37 | |Airbus A320-200 |41 | |Airbus A321-200 |10 | |Airbus A330-300 |8 | |Boeing 767-300ER |30 | |Boeing 777-200LR |6 | |Boeing 777-300ER |12 | |Boeing 787-8 |— | |Embraer175 |13 | |Embraer190 |45 | Number of in-craft employees: Approximately 27,000 employees (over 6,800 flight attendants) Extent of International Business Air Canada provides scheduled passenger service directly to 59 Canadian cities, 55 destinations in the U. S and 64 cities in other international locations. In terms of facilities outside of Canada, Air canada operates in 119 places. In itself the company is a global organization.Air Canada’s international strategy is helped through membership with Star Alliance as it strengthens market presence in Central America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and India. Air canada is attracting international revenues. Its extensive and expanding through its global network with its modern air fleet. Industry-leading on-board products and services, lounges and airport facilities are among the advantages that bring international success to Air Canada. Air Canada is Canada’s largest domestic, U. S. transborder and international airline and the largest provider of scheduled passenger services in the Canadian market, the Canada-U. S. transborder market and in the international market to and from Canada. Domestic, U. S. ransborder and international departures accounted for approximately 66%, 26% and 8%, respectively, of the 1,520 average daily departures in 2012. Air Canada also carried close to 35 million revenue passengers and provided passenger service to 178 direct destinations across it’s five continents. Statistics Taken: (Bibliography): Air Canada Main, Air Canada Financial Report: http://www. aircanada. com/en/about/acfamily/index. html Skies Magzine News: http://skiesmag. com/news/articles/17097-air-canada-turns-75-with-a-nod-to-history. html CUPE National: http://cupe. ca/air-canada/a4a280dbf06baf Statistics Canada: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som /l01/cst01/trans01a-eng. htm

Free Essays on Business Goals

A goal is the desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations. Without goals, organizations would be disorganized, they would have no objective, and they something. There are many different approaches to setting goals and both Management, written by Stephen Robbins and Mary Coulter, and How to Motivate Today’s Workers, written by Bernard Rosenbaum, address the positives and negatives of these approaches. However, Management addresses goal setting as a process that involves the whole organization, while How to Motivate Today’s Workers discusses goal setting at a specific level of the organization. How to Motivate Today’s Workers begins its discussion with the topic of executive stress. It explains that a lack of feedback on one’s job performance and the lack of general communication between management and lower level employees is one of the greatest factors in executive stress. A simple resolution to this is to set goals that easily allow management to evaluate job performance and give feedback. â€Å"Do your best† is said to be one of the worst statements to motivate employees. â€Å"Do your best† can not be clearly measured nor can it assign accountability to an employees’ performance. A goal has to be specific and clearly measurable so that it can provide a source of feedback, assign accountability, and allow for an evaluation of performance. Well stated and measurable objectives are invaluable in motivating and improving employees. People live up to the perception of themselves. The most important contribution a manger can make i s enhancing an employees’ self-esteem through reinforcement and encouragement. Managers’ efforts should help employees be open to communication during the process of trying to achieve a goal in a non-defensive manner. Since those who have specific challenging goals perform better, managers need to maintain an easily approachable attitude in order to help one achiev... Free Essays on Business Goals Free Essays on Business Goals A goal is the desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations. Without goals, organizations would be disorganized, they would have no objective, and they something. There are many different approaches to setting goals and both Management, written by Stephen Robbins and Mary Coulter, and How to Motivate Today’s Workers, written by Bernard Rosenbaum, address the positives and negatives of these approaches. However, Management addresses goal setting as a process that involves the whole organization, while How to Motivate Today’s Workers discusses goal setting at a specific level of the organization. How to Motivate Today’s Workers begins its discussion with the topic of executive stress. It explains that a lack of feedback on one’s job performance and the lack of general communication between management and lower level employees is one of the greatest factors in executive stress. A simple resolution to this is to set goals that easily allow management to evaluate job performance and give feedback. â€Å"Do your best† is said to be one of the worst statements to motivate employees. â€Å"Do your best† can not be clearly measured nor can it assign accountability to an employees’ performance. A goal has to be specific and clearly measurable so that it can provide a source of feedback, assign accountability, and allow for an evaluation of performance. Well stated and measurable objectives are invaluable in motivating and improving employees. People live up to the perception of themselves. The most important contribution a manger can make i s enhancing an employees’ self-esteem through reinforcement and encouragement. Managers’ efforts should help employees be open to communication during the process of trying to achieve a goal in a non-defensive manner. Since those who have specific challenging goals perform better, managers need to maintain an easily approachable attitude in order to help one achiev...

Scientific Revolution essays

Scientific Revolution essays Prior to the scientific revolution, Greek philosophers such as Aristotle or astronomers like Claudius Ptolemy believed that the earth was the centre of the universe and the church sanctioned their ideas (Science and Religion in Western History, 1995, Frederick Gregory). However, Herbert Butterfield stated in his 1949 volume The Origins of Modern Science that, since (the scientific revolution) overturned the authority in science not only of the middle ages but of the ancient world...it outshines everything since the rise of Christianity. Yet, in order to assess the appropriateness of his statement, it is important to look at the various opinions voiced during the scientific revolution. For instance, the opinions voiced by Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, which all help to illustrate the emergence of a new view of the world and thus validate Butterfields statement to be an appropriate description of the scientific revolution. Polish monk and astronomer, Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543), was trained in law, medicine and mathematics and he believed that the sun, not the earth, was the centre of the universe. Copernicus produced ideas to solve the problems that overwhelmed astronomers of the sixteenth century regarding the motions of the universe. Furthermore, he came up with mathematical calculations that provided a basis for a new view of the world and a model of the universe that expressed his calculations in a visual form. However, since Copernicus theory contrasted the beliefs and views of society at that time it was denounced in 1543. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) an Italian mathematician and astronomer won the respect and admiration of many people of his time because of his inventions. He constructed a military compass, an instrument for measuring the expansion of fluids, and one of the early telescopes with which he discovered Jupiters satellites, i ...

China Admits New Tainted-Milk Case is Older Essay

China Admits New Tainted-Milk Case is Older - Essay Example New York Times continues to point out that enquiry into the Shanghai Panda Dairy Company started about two months before Chinese regulators arrested the culprits. According to New York Times reporter David Barboza, doctoring of milk came to attention of news and China regulators back in February the year 2009. According to Shen Weiping, one of officers at Fengxian District prosecution officer, the apprehension of executives from Panda Dairy occurred in the April in the year 2009 (Barboza, 2010: 1). This story continues to reveal that Mr. Shen took a lot of time to alert the public about contaminated milk from Shanghai Panda Dairy. Mr. Shen did not inform the public about the closure of the dairy factory in question. This created unwanted tension in the public arena. Actions of this prosecution officer contravened China’s safety law, which it enacted in June 2009. The law demanded that food producers should notify businesspeople and consumers of grave food safety troubles. To a ggravate the conflict between Shanghai Panda Dairy, consumers, and the public, the government of China maintained silence on the matter. It did not report on whether the contaminated milk at stake had caused sickness to any citizen (Barboza, 2010: 1). ... The actions of media houses to reach the dairy hit a dead rock. The factory did not answer any phone call that emanated from outside source. To aggravate this grave issue, the General Administration for Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine did not reply to the appeals of media for an interrogation. This prompted legal experts to declare the delay to report the contamination of milk to the public and consumers a troublesome case (Barboza, 2010: 1). Wang Xixin, who is a professor of constitutional law at Peking University, claimed national and local quality supervision bureaus contravened China’s law for failing to report Shanghai Panda’s case to the public. According to the professor, the government of China concealed important information thereby putting the health of Chinese at stake. David, writer with New York Times, reveals that executives at Shanghai Panda convened a meeting in December 2008, after the public demanded a recall of melamine-tainted milk powd er (Barboza, 2010:1). According to this story, the executives come to a decision to re-sell the tainted milk. The management disregarded public outcry and did not mind the health issue of Chinese. Mr. Shen disclosed that Panda Dairy blended contaminated elements with other safe products and resold it. Media in China was instrumental to bring stories of outraged parents who claimed that their children suffered from melamine-related disorders. This prompted government of China to stage a countrywide crackdown on melamine-contaminated milk. According to New York Times, China inspection agencies found that 22 huge dairy companies processed milk that contained high levels of melamine (Barboza, 2010: 1). The stories of the sale of unhygienic milk in China

Slavery in america contritubuted greatly to the economin growth which Research Paper

Slavery in america contritubuted greatly to the economin growth which america prosper - Research Paper Example According to Garvin Wright, slavery was seen in the economic sense as a system of production6. Hence many people never saw anything wrong with using other human beings for cheap, or in most cases, free labor. Slavery became the sole production system that was most economically efficient especially in the South. The practice was able to produce enormous amounts of wealth for many people. Just before the start of the Civil War, the South, which was more slave-dependent than the North, had a much higher per capita level than Italy or Spain, two of the countries that were considered economic super powers then. The South’s use of slaves to enhance prosperity was greatly reinforced by political and social structures which supported the use of free or cheap slave labor2. Below is an analysis of different areas of the American economy where slavery was used as a major boost to productivity and profitability. The United States had huge tracts of highly productive lands in the South, but there was one problem: lack of labor. Therefore, with the coming of slavery in the continent, plantation owners could produce whatever they wanted using the labor provided by the slaves. One of the crops that greatly improved the economy of the US during the slave era was cotton. Many white Americans owned huge tracts of land where they grew cotton, especially in the South. Due to lack of mechanization, the farmers depended on human labor on their farms. With slave trade, the farmers did not have to worry about paid wages for their workers; they made them work for free. Although the Africans themselves did not gain anything from all their efforts, the rest of America did enjoy the fruit of this unappreciated labor7. Cotton was a major export and it used to earn the country a lot of money. The slaves made it possible for the farmers to produce large amounts of

Industrial production of aluminium from bauxite and recycling Essay

Industrial production of aluminium from bauxite and recycling - Essay Example The following work serves to outline the processes involved in extraction of aluminum from bauxite ore and further details more on aluminum recycling in the United Arab Emirates. The initial step in aluminum manufacture involves the mining of bauxite through the open cast technique. This mined bauxite is crushed and then washed to remove the mud and other dirt that may be attached. Having done this, the washed bauxite is taken through the purification process also called the Baeyers Process. The Baeyers process success follow the idea acidity of silica oxide, basicity of iron oxide and titania and the fact that alumina is amphoteric. Here, the crushed ore mixes with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or caustic soda to make a solution that is then heated. Following this process the alumina together with silica that in the form of reactive crystalline are dissolved, a process that leaves the iron oxide, titania and large percentage of silica that is already mixed with other elements. At this point filtration is done to separate the dissolved elements from the remaining residue. Following the cooling of the alumina and silica solution, a complex alluminosilicate or â€Å"sand† is precipitated out first before altering the process, a condition that allow crystallization of pure aluminum hydroxide. To speed up this process, a small amount of crystalline hydroxide, which is in its pure form, is added to act as an area where the crystal develops. The uncontaminated aluminum hydroxide crystals Al (OH)3. 3H2O are then heated in an increasingly heated furnace until the temperature is 1100o C, a factor that causes them to decompose and thus form alumina (Al2O3) and water. Since alumina is covalently bonded, the electrolysis process can only be achieved when presented in an ionic form. To realize this, the alumina is dissolved in an electrolyte, which in this case is a mixture formed from molten

Hurricane Katrina Essay Example for Free

Hurricane Katrina Essay Mike Mulally 10-11-19 In 2005 Hurricane Katrina swept through the city of New Orleans and destroyed the lives of thousands. Katrina was one of the largest hurricanes and natural disasters in the history of the United States (Wikipedia, 2009). While most of the casualties’ occurred during the actual storm, still a many took place days after, and were do to the fact that the local, state, and national government were slow to respond. This slow response was due to the nature of federalism. I believe Americans got a glimpse at how federalism and bureaucracy have flaws. These imperfections will be discussed in the pages below. The PBS documentary â€Å"The Storm,† depicts the destruction Hurricane Katrina caused, as well as what went wrong with the evacuation and rescue of New Orleans residents. Local, state, and national government officials were interviewed, such as New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, New Orleans governor Kathleen Blanco, and FEMA Director Michael Brown. Each official gave his or her version of why events happened the way they did. Some of the their accounts contradicted each other. I believe everyone was just looking out for him or herself, trying to save face. This seems to be a common problem in American politics. I will next explore how federalisms can be a inconvenience in a situation such as a natural disaster. Federalism by definition â€Å"is a system in which governmental powers are divided between a central government and smaller units, like states†(Greenberg Page, 2009, Ch. 3). The officials at all levels of the government were somehow confused during Katrina on who exactly was in charge. Was it New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, FEMA Director Michael Brown, was it President Bush? † (Marcela, 2005). There was also a lack of communication between the different levels of government, which, as was talked about in class, is an obvious downside or barrier to federalism (Oxendine, 2009). In a situation like a natural disaster, communication is key. If one cannot communicate with another, how is anything supposed to be accomplished? Having several le vels of government involved just makes everything in a disaster situation more complicated. I believe the U. S. needs a more centralized form of a disaster agency. If a natural disaster is to happen there ought to be one plan of action carried out by one agency. Having this central organization would have alleviated much of the confusion and frustration that we witnessed with Katrina. According to Director Brown, after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans’ local government did not communicate very well with FEMA officials. Brown says he was never told what sorts of manpower or supplies were needed (Marcela 2009). However Louisiana National Guard Adjutant General Bennett Landreneau stated in his interview that he specifically sent requests to FEMA for what help was required. A few days after he was interviewed he sent in the documentation that proves he did indeed ask specific needs from FEMA (Marcela 2009). FEMA Director Brown lied on television. So often politicians lie about issues, why can’t they ever own up to their mistakes and just tell the truth. I believe the American public deserves to know the truth on issues, especially when dealing with something like Hurricane Katrina. In a natural disaster it is at first the state that has control. If the state becomes overwhelmed and can no longer control the situation, the state then needs to clearly articulate what services they are in need of, and that is when FEMA will then intervene. Several days after the storm, Director Brown apparently believed the state of Louisiana had the situation under control (Marcela, 2005). While the Mayor and Governor thought FEMA was going to step in and help. There was a period of time where nobody knew who was in command. Consequently there was a period of time where the many of the people of New Orleans had no food, water or shelter, and that is when many lives were lost. It bewilders one to think that this sort of miscommunication and misunderstanding could happen to a country like the United States. One would assume that our country would have one of the best disaster protocols in the world, considering our global supremacy. I will now touch on another part of U. S. government that I consider to have flaws, and that is bureaucracy. A bureaucracy as defined by Greenberg Page (2009) is â€Å" A large, complex organization characterized by a hierarchical set of offices, each with a specific task, controlled through a clear chain of command, and where appointment and advancement of personnel is based on merit† (Ch. 13). Individuals are appointed not elected and therein lies a problem. Anyone that the president chooses can be in a position of power. Many believe Michael Brown was absolutely not qualified for the position of FEMA Director (Greenberg Page, 2009, Ch. 13). After all he had no formal training in disaster relief or anything of that sort in his resume. Positions like FEMA director should have to have some sort of qualifications. One cannot just be put into that situation like Director Brown was. I believe that positions such as director should be an elected one. When someone who is not qualified is put in charge of one of biggest natural disasters in U. S. history, nothing good can come from it. And indeed that is exactly what happened, total chaos and confusion took place due to Director Michael Brown’s incompetence. After the attacks of 9/11 President Bush reorganized FEMA into a Bureaucracy. FEMA was downgraded and became a sub department of homeland security. Many believe this reorganization really hurt FEMA. Personnel, IT systems and other resources were dramatically reduced due to President Bush’s budget cutting agenda. The President also cut project impact, a program started by FEMA to help communities become disaster resistant, due to tax cuts (Marcella 2009). In addition 80 million dollars was taken from FEMA and distributed to other sectors in homeland security. This is just another problem of FEMA becoming a part of the U. S. bureaucracy. How would anyone expect an organization to do their job when they have had significant funds and resources cut? Clearly part of FEMA’s inadequacies can be linked to President Bush’s choice to make tax cuts and cut parts of their program. Again, the reorganization of FEMA was really detrimental. Hopefully in the future leaders will make more conscientious choices about which agencies should be cut back. Most would believe a disaster relief program such as FEMA should have some of the most funding and personnel available. Apparently former President Bush thought otherwise. Although President Bush does deserves a little bit of a break considering â€Å"the sheer size and complexity of the executive branch. There is so much going on, in so many agencies, involving the activity of tens of thousands of people, that simply keeping abreast of it all is no easy task† (Greenberg Page, 2009, Ch. 13). He is in charge of so much in the U. S. there is no way he could keep an eye on everything. So while the President may have indirectly affected FEMA by inducing budget cuts, he cannot be held directly responsible for the government’s lack of involvement in Katrina at the national level. The president relies on his appointees to do their jobs, which Director Brown did not fulfill. However, President Bush choose Michael Brown, so maybe Bush is in fact responsible for FEMA’s inadequacies. Obviously having a large federal bureaucracy is an inconvenience to say the least. I believe Hurricane Katrina has taught our country a few lessons. First of all that while having a federal bureaucracy has its pluses, it also brings with it it’s many flaws, and the main one being communication. Our government should be striving for interoperability. The ability for several groups at all levels of the government to communicate what resources are needed during a natural disaster will prove to be the single most important tool during a relief operation. I hope that in the future, Presidents will choose more wisely when filling high-level positions such as FEMA Director, and not just appoint those who helped with their campaign. I also hope more cities around the country have better evacuation plans than those of New Orleans. I hope National Guard buildings are better equipped with resources and manpower in the future, especially along costal areas that are known to have hurricanes.

Acid Rain :: essays research papers fc

There is a considerable problem today in our world, and its effects are astronomical. This problem is acid rain. Acid rain is any precipitation; rain, snow, or fog that contains acids such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. These chemicals are byproducts of industrial processes and or burning of fossil fuels. The United States pumped a disgusting 16.8 tons of SO2 into the atmosphere in 1995 (Alm 349.) Nitrogen oxide emissions come mainly from the combustion engines, that operate our vehicles, furnaces, industrial and electrical utility boilers and engines. It is hard to believe that in the United States, also in 1995, the NOx emissions were an estimated 21.7 tons in weight ( Alm 349.) If these pollutants are present in the atmosphere, they can travel, via wind currents, long distances, and return to the earth dissolved in one or more types of precipitation contaminated by said chemical waste. Regular old rain, not contaminated by acid, is slightly acidic, with a pH of 5.6. This slight acidity is caused by carbon dioxide, that is naturally found in the atmosphere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acid rain effects every single aspect of every ecosystem. Acid rain is devastating to aquatic life, crops and forests, and not to mention human life. One would tend to think that acid rain would greatly affect trees and plants, this based on the tree’s direct contact with the acid rain. An estimated sixty five percent of trees are effected by acid rain. The leaves of the trees are scarred by the rain, the seeds sterilized, and the immune system of entire forests are damaged, exposing them to disease infestation. The growth of forestlands can also be greatly slowed by the effects of acid rain. Lakes are also greatly affected by contaminated precipitation. It has been discovered that some twenty thousand lakes have been turned acidic through groundwater contamination by acid rain. Fish start to die at around a pH of below 5.6. There are natural buffers such as calcium and lime in lakes to help neutralize these acids. If there aren’t enough buffer mater ials, or they are completely neutralized by the acids, the pH will not get better, and the lake will become sterile (Public 22.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What can we do to help control the problem of acid rain? Well, the obvious comes to mind. The emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that are released into the air must be controlled.

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: a Risk or Benefit? Essay

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies haven’t proved a link between use of cell phones and traffic accidents. A. A study by Redelmeier and Tibshirani was not conclusive, as the researchers themselves have admitted. B. Most states do not keep records on accidents caused by driver distractions. C. In a survey of research on cell phones and driving. Cain and Burris report that results so far have been inconclusive. II. The Risks of using cell phones while driving should be weighed against the benefits. A. At the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, researchers found that the risks of driving while phoning were small compared with other driving risks. B. There are safety, business, and personal benefits to using cell phones on the road. III. We need to educate drivers on using cell phone responsibly and enforce laws on negligent and reckless driving. A. Educating drivers can work B. It is possible to enforce laws against negligent and reckless driving; in states that do not do an adequate job of enforcement, the pueblo can lobby for improvement. Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or Benefit? As of 2000, there were about ninety million cell phone users in the United States, with 85% of them using their phones while on the Road (Sundeen !). Because of evidence that cell phones impair drivers by distraction them, some states have considered laws restricting their use in moving vehicles. Proponents of legislation correctly point out those using phones while driving can be dangerous. The extent of the danger, however, is a matter of debate, and the benefits may outweigh the risks. Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles. Instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone seers under the laws on negligent and reckless driving. Assessing the risks We have all heard horror stories about distracted drivers chatting on their cell phone. For example, in a letter to the editor, Anthony Ambrose describes being passed by another driver â€Å"who was holding a Styrofoam cup and a cigarette in one hand, and a cellular telephone in the other, and who had what appeared to be a newspaper balanced on the steering wheel- all at approximately 70 miles per hour† (128). Another driver, Peter Cohen, says that after he was rear-ended, the guilty party emerged from his vehicle still talking on the phone (127). Admittedly, some drivers do use their cell phones irresponsibly. The dangers are real, but how extensive are they? To date there have been a few scientific reports on the relation between cell phone use and traffic accidents. In 1997, Donald Redelmeier and Robert Tibshirani studied 699 drivers who owned mobile phones and had been in accidents. The drivers, who volunteered for the study, gave the researchers detailed billing records of their phone calls. With these data, the researchers found that â€Å"the risk of a collision when using a cellular telephone was not being used† (433). Although the conclusion sounds dramatic, Redlemeier and Tibshirani caution against reading too much into it: Our study indicates an association but not necessarily a causal relation between the use of cellular telephones while driving and a subsequent motor vehicle collision†¦.In addition, our study did not include serious injuries†¦.Finally, the data do not indicate that drivers were at fault in the collisions; it may be that cellular telephones merely decrease a driver’s ability to avoid a collision caused by someone else. (457) Pointing out that cell phones have benefits as well as risks, the authors do not recommend restrictions on their use while driving. Unfortunately, most states do not keep adequate records on the number of times phones are a factor in accidents. As of December 2000, only ten states were trying to keep such records (Sundeen 2). In addition, currently there is little scientific evidence comparing the use of cell phones with other driver distractions: fiddling with the radio, smoking, eating, putting on makeup, shaving, and so on. Alasdair Cain and Mark Burries of the Center Urban Transportation Research surgery research on the cell phone issue as of 1999 and concluded that there is â€Å"no nationally-accredited document to prove the connection between mobile phone use and traffic accidents.† Because research results have been so inconclusive, it makes sense to wait before passing laws that might well be unnecessary. Weighting risks and benefits In 2000, researchers at the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis found that the risk of driving while phoning were small compared with other driving risks. Whereas the cell phone user’s chance of dying are about 6 in a million per year, someone not wearing a seat belt has a risk of 49.3 per million, and someone driving a small car has a risk of 14.5 per million (3). Because of this comparatively small risk regulation of phones may not be worth the coast of the legislation as well as the additional burden such legislation would put on law enforcement officers. In addition to the risks, there are benefits to using phones on the road. Matt Sundeen reports that drivers with cell phones place an estimated 98,000 emergency calls each day and that the phones â€Å"often reduce emergency response times and actually save lives.† (1). The phones have business benefits too. According to transportation engineer Richard Retting, â€Å"Commuter time is no longer just for driving. As the comforts of home and the efficiency of the office creep into the automobile, it is becoming increasingly attractive as a work space† (in Kilgannon A23). Car phones also have personal benefits. A mother coming home late from work can check in with her children, a partygoer lost in a strange neighborhood can call for directions, or a teenager whose car breaks down can phone home. Unless or until there is clear evidence of a direct link between cell phone use and traffic accidents, the government should not regulate use of cell phones while driving. A better approach is to educate the public to the dangers of driving while distracted and to enforce laws on negligent and reckless driving. Educating drivers and enforcing laws Educational efforts can work. In the last twenty years, government and private groups have managed to change the driving habits of Americans. Seat belts are now regularly worn, people commonly appoint designated drivers when a group is drinking, small children are almost always put in safety seats, and most drivers turn on their headlights in rainy weather. Enforcing laws against negligent and reckless driving can also work. Even groups concerned with safety support this view. For instance, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration advises states to enforce their reckless and negligent driving laws and, where necessary, to strengthen those laws; it does not call for restrictions on use of the phones (United States, Dept. of Transportation). The California Highway Patrol opposed, restricting use of phones while driving, claiming that distracted drivers can already be prosecuted (Jacobs). It is possible, of course, that some states do not enforce their laws to the extent necessary. In such instances, citizens should pressure on highway patrols to step up enforcement, for without fear of prosecution many drivers will not change their behavior. The use of cell phones while driving is probable here to stay, despite the risks, unless future studies prove that the risks clearly outweigh the benefits. However, public safety concerns are real. To dares those concerns, we should mount a major educations campaign to educate drivers about that dangers of driving while distracted and insist that laws on negligent and reckless driving be enfaced as vigorously as possible. Works Cited Ambros, Anthony. Letter. New England Journal of Medicine 337.2 (1997): 128. Print. Cain, Alasdair, and Mark Burris. â€Å"Investigation of the Use of Mobile Phones while Driving.† Center for Urban Transportation Research. Coll. of Engineering, U of South Florida, Apr. 1999. Cohen, Peter J. Letter. New England Journal of Medicine 337.2 (1997): 127. Print. Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. â€Å"Cellular Phones and Driving: Weighing the Risks and Benefits. â€Å"Risk Perspective. President and Fellows of Harvard Coll.,July 2000. Web. 15 Mar. 2001. Jacobs, Annette. â€Å"guest Opinion: No News Laws Needed for Driver Distractions. â€Å"Wireless Week. Advantage Business Media, 24 May 1999. Web. 12 Mar. 2001. Kilgannon, Corey. â€Å"Road Warriors with Laptops.† New York Times 15 Aug. 2000: A23. Print. Redelmeier, Donald A., and Robert J. Tibshirani. â€Å"Association between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions. â€Å"New England Journal of Medicine 33 6.7 (1997): 453-58. Print. Sundeen, Matt. â€Å"Cell Phones and Highway Safety: 2000 State Legislative Update. â€Å"National Conference of State Legislatures. Natl. Conf. of State Legislatures, Dec. 2000. Web. 11 Mar. 2001. United States of Transportation. Natl. Highway Traffic Safety Administration. â€Å"An Investigation of the Safety Implications of Wireless Communication in Vehicles.† NHTSA. Natl. Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Nov. 1997. Web. 12 Mar. 2001.